中坝村退耕还林效益分析

笔者通过对秭归县茅坪镇中坝村退耕还林的现场详细调查,主要是水土保持经济林的单位面积效益进行评价,并使之与退耕还林前的农业生产效益相比较,阐明退耕还林的经济可行性和采取合理的相应措施。     

油松、辽东栎混交林中生化他感作用的研究

研究了油松（ＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓＣａｒｒ．）、辽东栎（ＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｌｉａｏｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＫｏｉｄｚ．）混交林中的生化他感作用，结果表明：油松、辽东栎纯林及松栎混交林下的枯落叶、半分解枯落叶及表层土壤水浸液对油松及其它植物的种子发芽和幼苗胚根、幼茎生长有显著的影响，一般在高浓度下表现为强烈的抑制作用，低浓度下作用不显著或起促进作用。其中辽东栎枯落叶水浸液的抑制作用最为强烈，混交林中枯落叶的抑制作用有所下降。说明在某些条件（干旱、混交比例和混交方式不当）下，两树种混交可引起林地生化他感物质富积，从而导致油松生长不良，林地生产力下降。解释了实际林地的现象，为营造松栎混交林提供了依据。     

Cold tolerance of Acacia karroo and A. nilotica, two tree species from South Africa, in Beijing

Fynbos plant communities developed under geographic and climatic conditions unique to South Africa. Acacia karroo is the most widespread tree species, well known for its drought tolerance. A. nilotica exudes a good quality gum which is edible and suitable for confectionery. The two species have been introduced to China but little is known about their adaptability under the new environmental conditions. For our present study, the growth potential and physiological and biochemical parameters of the two species in response to cold stress were investigated. The results, measured as seed qualities (purity, thousand seed weights, germination, etc.) show differences between A. karroo and A. nilotica. The seed germination rate was between 10% and 60%. Seedlings were established in fields, pots and plugs. Those in the field grew well during the growing season but completely died in the winter. Those in pots or plugs were moved to and managed in the greenhouse. The plants were green in winter. The electrical conductivity of cells, the contents of water soluble sugars, proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA) increased during eight hours of low temperature treatment at 4℃. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) decreased markedly during the eight hours of 4℃treatment. We conclude that A. karroo and A. nilotica have little adaptability to the cold winter weather and cannot survive in the outdoors in the Beijing area, but could grow well indoors as ornamentals.     

西双版纳竹楼的发展

竹楼——云南少数民族竹文化的体现，具有浓郁的民族特色和不断发展变化的历史。随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，竹楼文化也经历困难的发展阶段。作者基于竹类植物所具有的特性，分析和探讨了新型傣族竹楼建筑的优缺点，期待西双版纳竹楼在当地经济、社会发展中发挥更重要的作用。     

阻隔法防治草履蚧研究

通过对草履蚧[Drosicha corpulenta (kuwana)]进行胶环，毒环，绑扎塑料裙和毒绳等阻隔试验，结果表明，应用废机油加羊羊脂（5:1)进行涂环阻隔防治，效果最好，其粘性持续时间达到80－120d，利用“阻隔法”防治草履介的防治最佳时期应设在草履蚧卵开始孵化至上树前的1月上旬－2月上旬。     

中国鹅掌楸混合芽的发生和形态建成

本文继中国鹅掌楸花芽分化细胞形态学观察的研究之后,我们又系统观察了混合芽从发生至花器官建成的形态变化、芽的类型和分布以及芽端生长点的细胞形态学,试图为鹅掌楸属的系统学研究、植物性分化的生理学研究和种子品质的遗传学研究提供基础资料和理论依据。     

几种天牛纤维素酶的来源

测定３种常见天牛：桑粒肩天牛（ＡｐｒｉｏｎａｇｅｒｍａｒｉＨｏｐｅ）、星天牛（ＡｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＦｏｒｓｔｅｒ）和桔褐天牛（ＮｅｄｅｚｈｄｉｅｌｌａｃａｎｔｏｒｉＨｏｐｅ）消化道纤维素酶活性，发现几种天牛幼虫均有完整的纤维素酶体系，即Ｃ１酶、Ｃｘ酶和β－葡萄糖苷酶，能真正消化利用食物中的纤维素成分；以微晶纤维素（ＭＣ）和羧甲基纤维素钠（ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ）为碳源的选择性培养基培养几种天牛肠液，未发现纤维分解真菌及能分解ＭＣ的细菌；肠道解剖及肠组织切片未发现特殊的共生菌囊及含菌细胞；比较天牛的纤维素酶与常见真菌纤维素酶的性质相差甚远。因而认为所研究的几种天牛其纤维素酶均为其自身分泌的内源性酶而不是来源于其它生物。     

Genetic diversity of Populus euphratica populations in northwestern China determined by RAPD DNA analysis

Five Populus euphratica Oliver populations in northwestern China were analyzed using RAPD DNA markers to determine genetic diversity among and within populations. One hundred-and-five polymorphic bands were observed, ranging in size from 250 bp to 1700 bp, using 10 primers. Only one population on the north side of the Tianshern Range had a unique band common to all individuals that was not found in individuals from populations in the Tarim River valley. Intra-population genetic diversity was high in two populations along the Tarim River and low in the other three populations. There was no significant correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances. The result of correspondence analysis shows that the individuals from the three populations with low genetic diversity are isolated from each other. The result of cluster analysis based on genetic distance shows that the population in the Tianshern Range is genetically distant from the other populations. These results suggest that the Tianshern Range population was genetically isolated from the other populations.     

供热发展的未来展望

本文分析了燃煤集中供热的优缺点,并对未来城市供热的发展趋势提出了一些独特看法。     

嫩江沙地药用植物开发及建议

本文概述了嫩江沙地的现状,阐述了沙棘、甘草、防风、枸杞等药用植物的生物学特性及其在防沙治沙中的作用和前景,并提出了在沙区开发利用药用植物的几点建议。